Study Material For Agriculture and allied Sectors

Pigments responsible for flower colour are carotenoids, chlorophylls, anthoxanthins and anthocyanins. The carotenoids are a group of yellow, orange and orange red fat soluble pigments. Carotenoids with hydroxyl groups are called xanthophylls. Chlorophylls are fat soluble pigments and they generally in the form of chlorophyll-a and chlorophyll-b in the ratio of 3:1. The flavanoids are water soluble and they consist of the anthocyanins which are responsible for red, blue and purple pigment; anthoxanthin for yellow and  leucoanthocyanins which are colourless but readily change to brown. The plant pigments and their sources obtained from ornamentals are listed below (Table) Table: Pigments and Respective Ornamental Plants Pigments Flower crops Pelargonidin Dahlia, Geranium, Stock, Verbena, Delphinium, Tulip, Cineraria Cyanklin Dahlia, Petunia, Lily, Ipomoea, Carnation,  Chrysanthemum, Dendrobium, Rose, Iris, Snapdragon

Hybrid Name Breeder Year Parents Award Characteristics Pink favourite Von Abrams 1956 Juno x (George Arends x New Dawn) Portland Gold Medal USA 1957 Deep rose pink often deeper on the reverse of the outside petals. Fragrant Cloud Tantau 1964 Seedling x Prima Ballerina Gold Medal 1963 and Presidents International Trophy 1964 Geranium Red and superb fragrance Piccadilly Mc Gredy 1959 Mc Gredy's Yellow x Karl Herbset Certificate of Merit 1959 The inner face of the petal is scarlet shading off to buttercup yellow towards the base Ernst H Morse Kordeo 1965 Unknown Gold Medal 1965 Best red rose of exact turkish red colour Grandpa Dickson Dickson 1966