Study Material For Agriculture and allied Sectors

A plant  is  said  to  be  diseased  when  one  or  more  of  its  functions  are  interfered  by pathogen.  The  pathogen  is  any  agent  that  causes  pathos  (ailment / suffering)  or damage.  It  include  all  living  organisms  associated  with  causation  of  diseases, viruses  as  well  as  abiotic  agents  such  as  adverse  atmospheric  or  soil conditions. However,  the  term  is  generally  used  to  denote  living  organisms  (fungi, bacteria, mycoplasma  like  organisms,  nematodes  etc.)  and  viruses  but  not  abiotic causes. Here are some slides that can help........ Sclerospora Penicillium PDA Agar agar Dextrose Colletotrichum Ascocyta Tolyposporium Urocystys Alternaria Helminthosporium Ustilago Erysiphae Aspergillus Phyllactinia Alternaria Phytophthora

W eeds are plants that are unwanted in a given situation and may be harmful, dangerous or economically detrimental. Weeds are a serious threat to primary production and biodiversity. They reduce farm and forest productivity, displace native species and contribute significantly to land and water degradation. The costs of weeds to the natural environment are also high, with weed invasion being ranked second only to habitat loss in causing biodiversity decline. Despite considerable government and private sector investment, weed invasion still represents a major threat to both the productive capacity of land and water and the integrity of our natural ecosystems. An efficient weed control program can only be developed after the weed has been properly identified. Weeds can be managed using many different methods. The most effective management of weeds is usually achieved through collaboration and cooperation, in partnerships between the community, land owners, agriculture, industry and the